PEACE BE WITH YOU

 

THE FOLKLORE OF EGGS by RACHEL WARREN CHADD

FOLKLORE THURSDAY - MYSTICAL EGGS - FOLKLORE FROM MANY CULTURES

Rachel Warren Chadd

CAROL BOWMAN ON REINCARNATION : U TURN IN THE WOMB : MISCARRIAGE and STILL BIRTHS

Perhaps this may give some comfort to those of you who've had a miscarriage...

Excerpts page 159 - 160 :

From our ordinary, earth-bound perspective these changes of plan are called by the medical terms miscarriage and stillbirth.  Most people, if they have never been through the experience, can't understand how deeply the parents feel a miscarriage or a stillbirth as a death, an inexplicable loss that leaves them bereft and grieving for a child they never knew.  Their beautiful hopes and dreams for loving companionship with the new baby evaporate.  Adding to the pain, no matter what medical explanation is they inevitable blame themselves at some point, wondering what they did wrong.

Yet looking at miscarriage and stillbirths from the perspective of the incoming soul turns our thinking inside out.  From the soul's perspective, a decision not to be born at that particular time and to a particular mother is simply a detour, a zigzag in the continuing journey through eons of lifetimes.  Souls decide to switch course for any number of reasons; to change sex or birth order, to wait for a more appropriate body for the soul's purposes, to wait until the parent's circumstances improve or to readjust the timing of a predestined rendezvous with another soul already on Earth or yet to incarnate.  Or it may be due to the biological fact that the fetus was defective.

Whatever the reason, it is clear that in some cases souls wait for another opportunity to return to the same family. How do we know? Because some children remember the whole process.  Then one day, in the middle of a causal conversation, they tell their parents about it. They innocently describe earlier attempts to be born to the mother or through another woman in the extended family. The parents are always shocked at first if the child's claim corresponds exactly to a pregnancy loss that had been kept hushed up, a personal secret too painful to talk about, and something beyond the comprehension of such a very young child. But after absorbing the truth of what their child is telling them, their shock turns to joy and relief when they realize the baby who died in the womb years ago was not lost to them forever. 

I've been reading the death records of a town in Europe that experienced waves of Plague - Cholera to be specific. So very many who had a few months or years to live... So rare to find someone who lived to be 70 or 80.

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REINCARNATION SYMPOSIUM WITH CAROL BOWMAN and HER SON CHASE BOWMAN

REVISITING CAROL BOWMAN'S RETURN FROM HEAVEN : RETURNING TO LIFE WITH UNFINISHED BUSINESS

I've posted on Carol Bowman and her work with children who remember past lives, as well as same family reincarnation, before.

Excerpt page 9 : If we die leaving with any kind of unfinished business - ding as a child in an accident or from a disease, as an adult filled with anger over an unsettled dispute, as a mother leaving young children behind, or simply with concern and ongoing for loved ones left behind --- the unfinished business travels with us when we return to Earth in another body, along with the impetus to complete or settle these issues.  If we return to the same family within a relatively short period of time, we practically pickup where we left off before we died.

Excerpt page 48-49 : I've collected hundreds of cases since 1988 when I began investigating children's past life memories. (Note the book was published 2001.) They come to me from people from all walks of life, from all parts of the United States and Canada, and some from Europe.  They come from people who have always believed in reincarnation, and also from people who clearly did not believe in reincarnation before it happened to them.  The cases are everywhere Once people discover that I know something about children's past lives, they open up and confess their "family secret."  I'm continually amazed at how often this happens, and how common these cases seem to be.  And since so many of them are same-family cases, their sheer number convinces me that same-family reincarnation is a much more common phenomenon than anyone suspects.

Bowman discusses the influential work of psychiatrist Dr. Ian Stevenson and questions of the mind-body connection, and the discovery that birthmarks in this life often appear where an injury occurred in another life.

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QUESTIONS TO ASK YOUR RELATIVES ABOUT RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY

I recall that my dad used to advised that, when visiting, to talk about the weather.  What he meant was that controversial subjects were to be avoided.  Politics...  Religion... Perhaps knowing that these subjects will spark debate - or worse, arguments - during a family get together is trouble and, sure, I wouldn't want you to create an uncomfortable situation at a gathering. But then he was of the Silent Generation, and the Silent Generation wasn't talking about a whole lot.  

Things have changed, at least in some places and sometimes.

I can say that it came as a relief to learn that my ancestors were of various Christian denominations, which I wouldn't have suspected based on my upbringing. In my heritage - and I only know this because of genealogy research I have Roman Catholics, Greek Catholics, Reform Protestants (Calvinists), Lutherans, and also, it seems - some would say this doesn't fit the religion category - a Mason.

And so maybe getting a conversation going with relatives about ancestral religious or spiritual beliefs starts with past rather than the present.

It could be that you can't find what you need in the church records of the assumed Faith because those ancestors were converts or belonged to another religion.  And got buried in a churchyard or Faith based cemetery. 

And it seems like everyone in past generations belonged to some church or temple or organization ...

QUESTIONS

Was John baptized?  Who were his godparents?

Did he take part in rituals such as Communion, Confirmation?

Did John belong to a church as a teenager, as an adult?  

Did he sing in a choir?  

Did he do volunteer work for the church? 

Was he devout?  Or Religious. (Did he consider becoming a priest or minister or monk?)

Did he change religions? If so, why and when?  (Some families simply went to the closest church, wherever they moved to. Perhaps John was in a cult?) 

Did he get married in a church? How was it decided where he would marry?

Did he have children? Were they raised in a religion?  (This might bring up some different responses if the marriage was a "mixed marriage."  For instance, perhaps the children were allowed to join a different church or make up their own minds about spirituality as adults, 

Where is he buried? (Is this a Faith based cemetery?) or was he cremated?  Where are his ashes?

These questions can always spark a departure in the conversation. Back when I took Anthropology 101, it was noted that the definition of religion was "a way of life." Life in America has changed. Regular attendance at church services was normal for many people prior to the changes of the 1960's. Today many have decided that church is not for them.  As genealogists, we are looking for church records in addition to or instead of civil records to find our ancestors.

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ANCESTRY WORSHIP GENEALOGY BLOGSPOT

Our genetic and spiritual ancestors help us with our research quests 

and, while we follow a linear research path, 

amazing dreams and synchronicity abound. 

We explore multicultural ancestry worship 

and the use of genealogy for past-life verification, 

as well as practical ways and means to achieve your research goals.

BIOGRAPHY and THE WRITING OF YOUR FAMILY HISTORY : HERE'S AN INSPIRING EXAMPLE

I was attracted to this book at the library, England's Mistress - the Infamous Life of Emma Hamilton, by Kate Williams, because of its lovely cover. I've read many biographies and memoirs. This impressive one is about a person born in poverty, the lowest of the low, who managed to make it through the ridged English class system and become the wife of Sir William Hamilton. Born Amy Lyon, this woman went from being an orphan to working as a child laborer, from prostitute to mistress to wife. She also became an actress and singer, and was imitated as a force in fashion back in the day. She became the personal friend of a Queen or two. She was exceptional by beauty but also seized every opportunity to educate and improve herself. I think it's one of the most wonderfully written biographies I've encountered. But why?  Because the research and writing brought forth the realities of life in England - as well as Naples (Italy) - in the late1800's.

I present it here because I want to remind my readers to seek out biographies of their ancestors. They probably do not have whole books written about them hundreds of years after their deaths. However, you may find that a person is included in a local biography, a town book (like a yearbook created by a proud town about their pioneers and citizens), newspaper articles, and such. There are still many books on library shelves that have not been digitalized - not scooped up by the big names in genealogy databases.

But also, in writing your family history, in putting a person in their life timeline, you may want to also explain their times - the history of the place they lived - and what it was perhaps like for your ancestor to live in them. 

You of course quote and attribute the passages you use in your work.

Here are some excerpt examples from the book that are excellent.

From page 5, year 1764, in a small village just outside Chester across the Dee River.

Emma's parents were married on June 11, 1764, in Great Neston church. As the wedding was held on a Monday, it is unlikely that any relative...attended.  Like many workingmen, Henry was illiterate and signed the register with an X, Mary also signed with a cross....  First babies were often conceived outside of wedlock; indeed, many communities encouraged it to preclude the disaster or marriage to an infertile wife. .... At twenty-one, Mary was a drudge in a dirty hovel, her day consumed by domestic chores, in a village populated by people who were, in the 1850's according to visitors, "as primitive as their village was secluded."  At four she awoke to fetch water, light the fire, and prepare Henry's breakfast... After he left at five, she began her daily battle against the dirt that silted up the windows and covered every surface with a grimy film. (Coal dust) Outside her window lay a treeless expanse of  scrub scarred by heaps of coal waste, and cheap stone cottages blacked by sooty rain. She knew that soon after she gave birth, she would be expected to work in the mine with the other women.

WHAT DAY OF THE WEEK WAS THE MARRIAGE OF YOUR ANCESTOR HELD? WHAT MONTH? 

Excerpt page 6 : Emma was baptized on May 12. On the register, her name looks like 'Emy" but Emma herself always claimed it was Amy. a common name in the Kidd family. ... One in three children like Emma died within infancy, but she was born in the best season for survival; disease was more virulent from June to September, and babies died of cold from November to February. There was hard work ahead for the infants who lived. Denhall employed most children over nine or ten as cheap labor. All the girls born in Ness were, by the age of ten, pulling baskets to the surface every day, covered in dirt and regularly harassed by the men.  At the end of the day, they returned home to cook and clean for their family or, as was near as likely, since many women died in childbirth, stepmother.

WAS YOUR ANCESTOR EMPLOYED IN COAL MINING?  A CHILD LABORER? 

Excerpts such as these, when appropriate, add color to your family history book, but also give the reader an opportunity for understanding.

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23ANDME DNA TESTS and WARNING ABOUT PRIVACY : DELETE YOUR INFORMATION NOW

CLICK ON THE LABEL 23andme to bring up previous posts that include this topic.

 23andMe has gone bankrupt and your personal privacy and that of your children - relatives - is at risk.  This could effect 15 million people. Since the company is up for sale, it's reasonable to think that your DNA is what would make it interesting to a buyer...

NPR ORG : HOW TO DELETE YOUR 23ANDME GENETIC INFORMATION
Steps to delete are at the link above.

Excerpt: Bonta also provided this advice for destroying your test sample and revoking permission for genetic data to be used for research:

• If you previously opted to have your saliva sample and DNA stored by 23andMe, but want to change that preference, you can do so from your account settings page, under "Preferences."
• If you previously consented to 23andMe and third-party researchers to use your genetic data and sample for research, you may withdraw consent from the account settings page, under "Research and Product Consents." 

  
  

BOOKS IN ANCESTRY WORSHIP GENEALOGY CAN BE FOUND BY CLICKING ON THE TAB BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS!

Over the last fifteen years I've read, posted, excerpted, reviewed and recommended a whole lot of books. To find these books try clicking on the tab BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS!

These images are just some of the books!

ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY : CONCERNS OVER HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE TO

I've got a relative buried at Arlington.... 

NBC WASHINGTON : ARLINGTON REMOVAL OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS LEADING TO HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT BURIALS

Excerpt: Historian Kevin Levin said the removed pages were valuable tools for educators across the country...

In a statement to News4, a spokesperson for Arlington National Cemetery said, “We are actively working to update our educational content in compliance with Executive Orders issued by the President and Department of Defense Instruction. We want to clarify that no service members have been permanently removed from the ‘Notable Graves’ section of our website. The individuals from prior categories such as ‘African American History, Hispanic American History, and Women’s History’ can be found in other categories such as ‘Prominent Military Figures’ or ‘Science, Technology & Engineering,’ based on the person’s historical contribution to our nation.”

Here's the official web site : ARLINGTON CEMETERY - EXPLORE GRAVES

FIMs HISTORICAL INFO : FIRE INSURANCE MAPS

https://fims.historicalinfo.com/Account/Login.aspx  I used this database within a genealogy library.  This link may not take you to the database I used.

I tried this database to look at a town that a grandparent was raised in. 

WHAT CAN YOU GET FROM A FIRE INSURANCE MAP?  Detail.

I discovered the world they lived in in 1908.

I saw the streets that appear on the 1910 census. Streets they mentioned living on and also shopping on. I saw the hotels for immigrants, the brewing company, the Slavonic Church, the school funded by a robber-baron, a skating rink!, foundries, and the ethnic immigrant club, and so very many churches.

Each map starts with a LISTING of STREETS and COMPANIES.

I can imagine a salesperson negotiating insurance with each of these places.

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HISTORYGEO.COM GENEALOGY DATABASE REVIEW : THE CHEROKEE ALLOTMENTS IN OKLAHOMA ARE EXCELLENT #2

https://historygeo.com/  The database I used was within a genealogy library. This link may not bring up THE CHEROKEE ALLOTMENT Oklahoma link... If not, do see if your library subscribes to this database!

Ross, Carlisle, Miegs, Newton, Jordon....

Tehee, Rattlingourd, (See Range 22-east)

Walkabout

Bearpaw

Pigeon

Hazelwood

Wood

Star

McClure

(If you know your Cherokee history some of these names will be familiar to you...)

MOST OF THE NAMES ARE ENGLISH - AMERICAN - but that's OK. If you know the surname and you want to check out the Cherokee who were moved to Oklahoma, there is abundant possibility here...

The state map is sectioned into ranges and the land ownership by Cherokee is indicated by parcel size. The boundary is also shown between the Cherokee and the Creek Nation which you will see at Muskogee County  (See Range 19-east)

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HISTORYGEO.COM GENEALOGY DATABASE REVIEW : INTERESTING HISTORICAL MAP COLLECTION #1

https://historygeo.com/  There is a surname function.

There are many tourist maps on the Internet today and various sources for old maps including National and local archives. But I thought I'd give his database a try while at a genealogy library.

Maps made about the time they lived in a city, town, village, hamlet are the best.

I love to take genealogy writing a bit further, to include some understanding of where our ancestors lived, which is a whole lot about how they lived.

The Landowners Project is ongoing and to be honest, the area I was interested in was not (yet) included.

We can see if our ancestors lived near a river, a school, a cemetery, a church, or a factory - maybe where they worked. We can see if they lived in a single family home (house) or a townhouse or rowhouse, or perhaps a hotel. (The name of the school, cemetery, church or factory can link you to school, cemetery, church, or employment records.)

We can link census with address with a map. We can use landowner maps to also seek out deeds and inheritances, land grants, squatters rights.

Sometimes we can link the old map with the new, or an address with a Google Street View or Google Earth.

I used the HISTORICAL MAPS for an area I grew up in. I looked at 1850, 1862, 1890, and 1898.  All in the distant past, long before I grew up there. But I could see the names of the landowners had become the names of the streets and roads. It was interesting when a property was listed as "so and so's heirs" and when the creek showed up with an actual name. Also listed were stores, parsonages, and then where the railroad came through...

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ANCESTRY WORSHIP GENEALOGY BLOGSPOT

Our genetic and spiritual ancestors help us with our research quests 

and, while we follow a linear research path, 

amazing dreams and synchronicity abound. 

We explore multicultural ancestry worship 

and the use of genealogy for past-life verification, 

as well as practical ways and means to achieve your research goals.

UNIFIED LABELS FOR FILMS and BOOKS : CLICK ON THE LABELS FOR FILM RECOMMENDATIONS and BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS

After fifteen years of blogging here at ANCESTRY WORSHIP - GENEALOGY I decided to go through all the books and films I've posted here and unify the labeling.  I'm using the term RECOMMENDTIONS as I usually wouldn't post if I didn't think the book or film was worth your time.  If you click on the label it will bring up ALL POSTS that have that label.

CELEBRATING FIFTEEN YEARS OF 

ANCESTRY WORSHIP - GENEALOGY BLOGSPOT

HOW DOES SHE FIND THE NAME OF THE SLAVES WHO MIGHT BE HER ANCESTORS? SHE HAS THE NAME OF THE SLAVE OWNER! (A BIT OF A TUTORIAL!)

Q

Hi AW!  I've got the name of the slave owner. How do I find the names of the slaves he owned, which I think includes a line of my ancestry?

Hannah

A 

I'm impressed Hannah; I'm going to believe you without knowing how you found the name of the slave owner, and for the purposes of this answer, for the sake of other readers of Ancestry Worship - Genealogy BlogSpot, I'm going to go over some aspects of African-American genealogy research.

First, it's American research. So, do your UNITED STATES CENSUS work as far back as you can. Something I used to do all the time with microfilm, and I think we should still do in databases, is to examine the pages of the census for the surrounding area when we find a family group - just to see if there are others local who might have the same surname or be related. So forward and back, please!

The first United States census in which the freed slaves are named is 1870, which was after the Civil War. Until then people other than the head of household (Be that free or not) were counted as statistics and names were not given. But if you can find the family on the 1870 you probably already have the names of some people who were in slavery in the location. (If by chance any of your ancestors fell into the category of Free, you may be able to go back by comparing the people on the 1870 with those statistics re living in the same area and same head of household as well.)

Do the census work for the SLAVE OWNER if you find one - and any legal documents pertaining to them and their family regarding inheritance.

A caution when using databases. Often I skip the question of race or color as I think this has been subjective. I will note it, but it may not be the same answer for the same person as the decades go by.  (B - Black.  N - Negro.  M - Mulatto (mixed race). W - White.)

Check the FREEDMAN BANK RECORDS just in case. I personally have not had a whole lot of luck with these but I have once or twice had a breakthrough - because the persons had unusual and consistent names. 

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My photo of part of the exhibit which is a display in a hallway.

YOU MAY WANT TO VISIT THE LOS ANGELES PUBLIC LIBRARY - CENTRAL "DOWNTOWN" TO SEE A SMALL BUT WELL DONE EXHIBIT ABOUT THE FREEDMAN BANK RECORDS. It was put together by librarians from the Genealogy and Economics departments and is in a hallway.

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OK so... IF YOU HAVE THE NAME OF THE SLAVE OWNER and the NAME or/and LOCATION of the farm, plantation, or place of residence for the slaves, CHECK THE LOCAL HISTORY to see if there is any mentions. Is there a biography of the slave owner, for instance? A biography might lead you to more information about the slave owner and who his or her relatives are: Wills or Bills of Sale may have more information.

Check to see if there are any genealogy groups local to that area, especially with African-American focus. (At the same time be careful to discern what "oral history" and archival documents or support documents there are.)

Check to see if there are any existing local newspapers and how far back they go, likely news that may apply will mention the slave owner.

But to be more focused on your question THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES brags that it has the largest collection relating to the African- American experience.

Also check SLAVE NARRATIVES. https://www.loc.gov/collections/slave-narratives-from-the-federal-writers-project-1936-to-1938/about-this-collection/

Excerpt:  Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938 contains more than 2,300 first-person accounts of slavery and 500 black-and-white photographs of former slaves.  These narratives were collected in the 1930s as part of the Federal Writers' Project (FWP) of the Works Progress Administration, later renamed Work Projects Administration (WPA).  At the conclusion of the Slave Narrative project, a set of edited transcripts was assembled and microfilmed in 1941 as the seventeen-volume Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves. In 2000-2001, with major support from the Citigroup Foundation, the Library digitized the narratives from the microfilm edition and scanned from the originals 500 photographs, including more than 200 that had never been microfilmed or made publicly available.  This online collection is a joint presentation of the Manuscript and Prints and Photographs divisions of the Library of Congress. 

I'm going to this link https://guides.loc.gov/manuscripts-illustrated-guide/african-american-history

Excerpt: The Manuscript Division has one of the nation's most valuable collections for the study of African-American history and culture. The Library's holdings include information about slavery and the slave trade as well as other aspects of plantation life. Papers of slaveholders provide one view of slavery, and slave narratives give another. Diaries and journals further illuminate lives spent in slavery and freedom. The manuscripts of black and white abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass and Salmon P. Chase describe the efforts of those who attempted to alleviate the plight of slaves, and the records of the American Colonization Society detail the saga of African Americans who left the United States and established the West African nation of Liberia in the mid- nineteenth century. Papers relating to black participation and victimization in the Civil War abound, and African-American history during Reconstruction is reflected in collections pertaining to newly elected black officials such as John Mercer Langston, Blanche K. Bruce, Hiram R. Revels, and Francis L. Cardozo.

https://www.loc.gov/item/mm82057687/#:~:text=Correspondence%2C%20speeches%2C%20writings%2C%20court,during%20the%20American%20Civil%20War. This is the link to the Black History Collection.  (I'm aware that Black is a preferred term these days, but for the purposes of our research we search for a collection title as it was when it came into being and we will encounter other terms we may not like as well.)

• Correspondence, speeches, writings, court records, slave records, slave deeds, emancipation and manumission papers, birth and marriage records, wills, family and genealogical papers, military records, financial records, ships' papers, broadsides, newspaper clippings, printed matter, and other papers pertaining to African Americans from the colonial period through the early twenty-first century. Subjects include the slave trade, slaves, medical care of slaves, fugitive slaves, abolition, emancipation, manumission, freed persons, civil rights, political rights and suffrage, and military service, in particular, during the American Civil War.
  
  THERE ARE OTHER COLLECTIONS AT THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES THAT MAY BE OF VALUE, but again, don't forget the more local resources, and that includes the small libraries in small towns and historical society collections!

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UPDATED BLOGGER PROFILE - I'VE BEEN BLOGGING ANCESTRY WORSHIP - GENEALOGY SINCE 2009! FIFTEEN YEARS !!!

Original Photo by Ancestry Worship - Genealogy BlogSpot

On Blogger since January 2009

About me

Gender	Female
Industry	Consulting
Occupation	Researcher - Writer - Genealogist
Location	United States
Introduction	Bit by bit, I'm working on a book about my adventures in genealogy, a book that's alternatively spiritual! I encourage you to include niche specific history into the genealogy and family book you're writing! I have at least three decades of experience as a genealogy researcher. I started with interviewing my own relatives years ago. I use books, maps, family artifacts and records, microfilms, and specialty databases, at private and governmental archives, museums, libraries and historical societies... And of course there is now the amazingly impactful Internet... I've researched, written, and produced books. I've taught Genealogy on the Internet. I like to help other researchers break through research blocks! Christine
Interests	ANCESTRY WORSHIP - a Genealogy BlogSpot was founded in January 2009 and is still going strong! My interest is in conveying professional genealogy standards with a focus on American - United States research. I provide links to useful databases, give advice and experientials, make commentary, and review books. I also touch on some alternative spiritual notions such as reincarnation, ancestral memory, and ancestor worship. (Are you the reincarnation of an ancestor?)
Favorite Movies	I love going to a big theatre and being taken out of my seat - going to another time and place and forgetting that I'm sitting there. I loved binge-watching Boardwalk Empire and also The Crown.
Favorite Music	I do love all sorts of music but what I listen to has much to do with what mood I'm in. I listen to everything from Gregorian Chants to Indian Music to Rock and Roll!
Favorite Books	I seem to always have a book ordered in to one library or another and over the years I've found I love memoirs most of all.

How do you pronounce the 'g' in bologna?

You don't. Where I come from, back in the day when we actually ate this meat, we said BA LONE EEE!

CUPID'S SAFE

 

VISIT THE AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURAL CENTER in LONG BEACH CALIFORNIA

 AACCLB - African American Cultural Center - Long Beach California

Long Beach is far south in Los Angeles County and far from the fires.  I was able to see this exhibit - small but impressive - and suggest YOU might find it as interesting as I did. The AACCLB has changing exhibits and opportunities to explore.

ATLAS OF THE TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE : ANCESTRY WORSHIP BOOK RECOMMENDATION

This big, impressive hardback book is quite the accomplishment for the authors. Eltis is the a the Robert W. Woodruff Professor History and Principal Investigator for the electronic Slave Trade Database Project, at Emory University.  RIchardson is the director of the Wilberforce Institute for the Study of Slavery and Emancipation, and professor of economic history, University of Hull, England and also is on the advisory board for the Slave Trade database 

The book contains old art that depicted slavery (as the artist imagined it), maps of the slave trade word of the Atlantic including routes and numbers of slaves transported from place to place (or region to region),  quotes from journals of slavers, and discussion of the roles various ethnicity-nationals played in the trade; the Portuguese - who dominated Africa to South American, the Spanish who moved slaves from Central and West-Central Africa to the Caribbean,  the Dutch who moved slaves from Dutch owned Africa to Dutch owned plantations of Spanish America - and from there, British slave trafficking and how it changed over the years ... and an overall history with details and specifics.

Consider that fewer slaves died on the way to Brazil as the length of the voyage was shorter but there were also other factors such as, possibly, that the slaves taken started out in better health, or - perhaps - this is my notion - that the slavers became more careful to take those who were healthier as they had more money to gain with an alive shipload of humans than not.

So, you may be wondering how this book might benefit you and your ancestral research into genealogy.

Many people who know or suspect they have African slave heritage go with DNA testing to get information about the ethnic group or groups they have lineage with.  But maybe the testing could lead to a discovery that is more unusual.

According to Henry Louis Gates, Jr. this book is a "gold mine" of information.

For instance on page 216  (Map 143 New England, 166-1802) it says:

Relatively few slaves (some 10,000) reached New England directly from Africa.  Most came from areas west of modern Nigeria.  Ninety percent arrived in Boston - and Newport owned vessels.  More African captives reached New England through inter-colonial trafficking or as the residual of a larger group of slaves sold from New England Transatlantic vessels in the West Indies.

EMORY SLAVE INDEXES

Excerpt:  The Slave Voyages site now provides resources detailing more than 36,000 Slave trading Voyages between Africa and the New World, another 11,400 intra-American Voyages from one part of the Americas to another, and data on some 92,000 Africans forced to make those journeys. 

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SLAVE VOYAGES ORG - TWO DATBASES : TRANS-ATLANTIC and INTRA-AMERICAN

SLAVE VOYAGES ORG  TRANSATLANTIC - era 1514-1866  - INTRA-AMERICAN

year -name of vessel - where captives were purchased - where ship landed - numbers of slaves alive on ship at arrival - name of captain.

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Slavery As It Exists In America.
Slavery As It Exists in England

source: Library of Congress -Washington DC -Prints and Photographs Division