Showing posts with label White Star Shipping Line. Show all posts
Showing posts with label White Star Shipping Line. Show all posts

24 August 2022

THE ROLE OF A CONDUCTRESS : MAIDEN VOYAGES


Edith Sowerbutt was one of a small but influential group of women who traveled the North Atlantic as a conductresses,  She started working for the Red Star Line, which was owned by White Star, in 1925, and continued in that role for six years, when assisted immigration to Canada ceased and she was made redundant, although that was not the end of her maritime career.  (page 118)

She had a great deal of practical experience of intercontinental travel, as well as fellow feeling for people who were prepared to travel to better their lives.  Edith was also a natural champion of those who were discriminated against on the grounds or race, class, or gender. Her innate sense of justice made her a formidable advocate on behalf of the passengers in her care, and she was delighted to be taken on as a conductress by Red Star in 1925  (page 119)

While Edith was available to unaccompanied women in all classes, her primary role was looking after the interest of those in third class, and processing their immigration applications.  She would introduce herself to each one, explain that she had a list of official questions, and record the answers by hand, then type up the details later.  On each voyage Edith complied detailed lists of all unaccompanied women immigrants across all three classes for the Canadian authorities.  To extract this information from each woman was often a race against time, because third class passengers were housed in the least stable section of the ship, and were therefore prone to seasickness....

(on the open Atlantic which was rougher) Edith relied on the services of interpreters, and was particularly fond of a remarkable character called Terps, an Orthodox Jew who spoke fourteen languages.  (page 120)

10 August 2022

NEW WOMEN'S WORK ON THE BIG STEAMSHIPS : MAIDEN VOYAGES

 

EXCERPT: By the 1890s there was a boom in passenger shipping, and the major ports of Britain became the embarkation points for emigrants from all over Europe as well as the British Isles.  In 1893 large transatlantic liners started to leave from Southhampton as well as from Liverpool, which had previously been the main embarkation port for North America.  The White Star and Cunard shipping lines joined P & O in setting up offices and infrastructure in Southhampton, which was just a hour from London by train.  With the growth in the numbers of female passengers, gender-specific roles such as bathing attendants, nursery nurses, laundry attendants and masseuses we also created aboard the big ships.  The shipping companies received applications for women's roles board the ocean going ships far beyond the number of positions available.  The jobs were physically demanding, and those taking them would be living away form home - often in cramped, communal quarters - but, in an era of limited job opportunities for women, the idea of going to sea and earning an independent living was appealing to many.  (page 16)


A note:  Married women and women with children also took jobs on the steamships.

18 February 2021

MAYBE THEY DIDN'T COME THROUGH NEW YORK #9

Previously I've mentioned that New York City was a popular destination for immigrants because they could hop on a train and get almost anywhere in the nation by train. I feel sure that, though there was great demand for tickets, there must have been competition as well, reflected in fares.

I know that winter seas were generally rough and the fear of icebergs and sinking existed before the Titanic disaster. A rough Atlantic Ocean could make that steerage compartment a terrible ride and raise the risk of illness also because of close quarters, crowding, and shared air. (You wouldn't want to be in steerage with a virus.) A ship could carry over 1000 passengers in steerage. (The largest ships could carry near 3000 passengers - 800 or so being crew.)

Other ships besides the Titanic did sink. It was the Titanic that was marketed as unsinkable and we've never gotten over the irony. 

Winter tickets were less expensive than summer. In 1900 an average steerage ticket is said to have been about $30. That is over $900 today. 

Try to research the price of a ticket by ship, ship line, voyage, and season.

New York Harbor and Castle Garden, which has its own online database, or Ellis Island were not the only destinations for ships full of immigrant passengers.

Consider:

Canadian ports including Great Lakes ports. (Immigrants sometimes walked into the United States from Canada. They may or may not be listed in Border Crossings.)

Baltimore: A bustling port. Popular for immigrants who wanted to avoid New York. Railroad service also very good. If they settled on the east coast, this might be the port they used.

Boston : a favorite of the Irish. Why arrive in New York or Phili instead?

New Orleans : A popular port for the Gulf of Mexico and Southern states.

Philadelphia: Popular among those heading for life in Pennsylvania and New Jersey but also the Southern states. Some competition with New York.

San Francisco: Ships brought Chinese and other Asian immigrants including Hawaiins to America along with European passengers and some coming from Central and South America. (Including Picture Brides.)

Also consider:

San Diego : note also Border Crossings (on foot) from Mexico.

Los Angeles (San Pedro -Long Beach)

Alaska (multiple ports)

Mobile, Alabama

As steam ships got bigger, they needed deeper water ports. Smaller ships continued to run. 1870 is about the time steamships took over from sail ships re immigrants. 

Many on-line indexes exist for ports including at FamilySearch.

C 2021


13 May 2015

STEAMSHIP POSTCARDS - RED STAR LINE and GG ARCHIVES LINK

Images from Dover Publications
 
(Search this blog for posts using the subject IMMIGRATION!)
 
FOUND AN INTERESTING NEW RESEARCH RESOURCE CALLED GG ARCHIVES
 
Here is the link to RED STAR information

05 September 2013

taken down January 2026 as it appears there is an issue with site but repost. WORLD WAR II SHIPS : SHAYNE WALLESCH and WENDY HOCHNADEL : RECREATING MISSING INFORMATION ON TROOPS

LINK TO WORLD WAR II SHIPS inc QUEEN MARY used as troop carrier  Site by WW2troopships.com & WWIItroopships.com
Web Site Copyright © 2007 Shayne E. Wallesc & Wendy J. Hochnadel

Example:

1946

February 3 - May 19, 1946 Six war bride voyages, transporting 12,886 European brides and children to the United States and Canada.

May 23 - September 18, 1946 Seven war bride voyages transporting European brides and children to Canada. Ten stowaways were discovered on the first crossing.

September 1946 Carried a total of 765,429 military personnel. Sailed a total of 569,429 miles (916,407 km). Carried up to 15,000 troops at one time. Carried wounded returning to the United States. Transported Winston Churchill three times to conferences. Carried 12,886 G.I. brides and children.

THIS SITE IS ATTEMPTING TO RECREATE USEFUL INFORMATION.  If you go to the site you'll link to a form to fill out for reportage of specific crossings called CROSSING SUBMISSION FORM. That includes those of you who were in the war and the brides!