MOCCASSIN

 

CHEROKEE : DAWES ROLLS : COUNT CONTROVERSIES : WHO GOT LAND

The Dawes Rolls were controversial in their time. They were a census of Native Americans. As we have seen, over time who was or was not a Cherokee, deserving of Tribal Membership, varied. At one point anyone who was Black and lived in the territory was a member of the tribe - if they were recognized or declared within 6 months. However some Cherokee had held slaves while others married Freedmen.

Excerpt page 116 - "On January 31, 1899. a vote was held to determine what to do with the proposed Dawes Commission Treaty; the conservatives lost by 2, 015 votes in their efforts to reject all agreements with the commission.  This draft agreement, though accepted by the tribe, was nonetheless rejected by Congress as insufficient.  An agreement was finally settled upon and adopted in 1902. In 1901 the Dawes Commission began working towards compiling the final tribal rolls to decide who got land allotments.  The commission ultimately broke down those residing on Cherokee land into three categories: Cherokees, whites, and freedmen. All told, the counted inhabitants of the Cherokee Nation numbered 41,824 total including 4,919 freedmen, 8703 "full blooded" and 27, 916 "mixed bloods"  There were over 1,000 freedmen who had previously been citizen 

Tribal Government ENDED.

The Cherokee (and other tribes) had their own rolls and were not in agreement with the governments, for they had expelled people or revoked tribal membership in the past, and the government tried to compare the two rolls as well.

Excerpt page 122 -

"The final Cherokee Nation rolls included 36,619 Indians, including 27,916 "mixed bloods" and 8,703 "full bloods" In addition, the commission included 286 whites and 4.919 freedman, bring the final total up to 41,824. These were made citizens of the Untieds States and (the state of) Oklahoma."

These past weeks, I've excerpted some important part of Cherokee Nation Citizenship by Aaron Kushner, a highly recommended book. There is more to the story, and if you find this of interest, please get yourself a copy or demand that your library get a copy for the shelves.

C 2026 Ancestry Worship - Genealogy 

All Rights Reserved including Internet and International Rights 

CHEROKEE AFTER THE TREATY OF 1866 : EASTERN BAND CITIZENS OF THE STATE RATHER THAN THE CHEROKEE NATION : LEAD UP TO THE DAWES ROLLS

In 1866, by defining who was a member of the Cherokee tribe/Nation, the Cherokee also determined that they could remove someone from the tribe.  This caused conflict as well... In 1866 it went to the Supreme Court

Excerpt page 105 -  "... The United States Supreme Court decided in the case of Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians v. United States and the Cherokee, Nation, Commonly Called Cherokee Nation West. ... the court ruled that, since Cherokees in North Carolina had "refused to join their countrymen in the removal to the lands ceded to them west of the Mississippi," they could claim nothing belonging to the Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory.  These people had, in effect, legally cut themselves off from the common fund of the Cherokee Nation.  The Cherokees in North Carolina were considered to be "citizens of the state."

Was there total cooperation with this by Native Americans or governmental agents? NO! And forced removal was called a refusal to go to lands ceded to them!

The Cherokee were now in conflict with the United States as the Treaty allowed for a couple railroads to run through their Territory and they were considered to be backward and against progress when they did not easily give up their lands. Their traditional way of life held that land was held in common. So there again, if a particular Cherokee was for giving up land to make way for "progress" rather than stay put, it was a tribal issue and a political one. Did it always have to do with just how "red" someone was?

C 2026 Ancestry Worship - Genealogy
All Rights Reserved including Internet and International Rights

WHITE HORSE

 

TO MY SWEETHEART

 

ANCESTRY WORSHIP - GENEALOGY BLOGSPOT

Our genetic and spiritual ancestors help us with our research quests 

and, while we follow a linear research path, 

amazing dreams and synchronicity abound. 

We explore multicultural ancestry worship 

and the use of genealogy for past-life verification, 

as well as practical ways and means to achieve your research goals.

MEMORY TABLE FOR DEPARTED LOVED ONES

From the Library of Congress, this Memory Table lithograph was designed 

by A. M. Bleichrode, circal 1974 in New York.

MEMORIAL DAY

We Americans have this day off in order to remember our veterans, 

but there are so many "wars" our ancestors fought on the home front, and personally.  

Let's remember them all.

THE FIRST TO KNOW

 

WHITE BARN - SNOW STORM

 

ONWARD

image from Pinterest

 

NEAR DEATH EXPERIENCE LECTURE by JOHN MARTIN FISCHER UC RIVERSIDE DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY

NEAR DEATH EXPERIENCES!  Fascinating always, here is an expert lecturing and discussing what is mental, what is cultural or religious, and the proof that consciousness is not necessarily tied into the physical brain.

Presented by John Martin Fischer, UC Riverside

Professor and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy.

CHANGING COLORS

 image from Graphics Fairy

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS : ITALIAN? SPANISH? PORTUGUESE? DNA? CUBA? KNIGHTS TEMPLER?

Is Christopher Columbus Who We Think He is? / Secrets and Lies of Columbus / Timeline

October 9th is the traditional Columbus Day holiday... And this documentary about the search for the man credited with "discovering America" after sailing across the Atlantic in 1492, is fascinating. Several highly intelligent people -including his descendants and that of Vasco De Gama, are devoting their research and expertise to discovering the historical truth about the man, who died not revealing his origins. Chances are he was born in Cuba Portugal to a woman who was a mistress to a member of the Royal Family, and it's possible she was Jewish. What of the stories you may have heard that Columbus was actually the surname Colon?  In this documentary we learn that even the name Christopher Columbus was one the mystery man took rather than be identified as a royal bastard. As for his humble origins, boys and men from humble origins generally did not get to sail such ships.

You'll love the archival documents and the visits to royal tombs.

COLONIAL AMERICA CENSUS WORK - LIMITS OF THE 1790 U.S. CENSUS : 13 ORIGINAL COLONIES and THEN SOME

The first census taken in what was the United States was taken in the year 1790 and its a statistical census. It features the names of heads of households, mostly men. There were less than four million people counted. Thomas Jefferson was then the Secretary of State, not yet President, and under his direction the census was taken not by census takers, but by the marshals of the various districts. The census was of the ORIGINAL 13 COLONIES that became STATES but also the districts of Kentucky, Southwest Territory (mostly what is now Tennessee), as well as Maine and Vermont. 

The 13 COLONIES WERE :  New Jersey (NJ), Maryland (MD), Virginia (VA) which included an expanse of what is now South West Pennsylvania*,  Rhode Island (RI), Connecticut (CT), New York (NY), Pennsylvania (PA), North Carolina (NC) and South Carolina (SC) - the state was split in two in 1712, Georgia (GA),  New Hampshire (NH), Massachusetts (MA). We tend to think of the 13 original colonies as all in the North East, as New England, but as you see, three of the states were actually in the South.

* Were your ancestors Colonial's living south of Pittsburgh? Yohoghania County Virginia is the name of the County that was disputed between the state of Virginia and the state of Pennsylvania, also called the District of West Augusta. As land grants and legalities were in dispute, you may want to look at records from both states.

C 2023  Ancestry Worship - Genealogy BlogSpot

 

 

NOT INTERESTED IN JOINING SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION or DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION ? COLONIAL AMERICAN RESEARCH!

Although heredity societies such as DAR or SAR are not of interest to everyone, if you're doing research on your very early American roots in Colonial times, you may still want to see what information that DAR or SAR holds that may be applicable to your search. You may be surprised. Both have libraries of their own. Some of their membership and past applications can be found on certain databases. If you're starting to loose a trail. I would certainly look to see who may have applied for membership and the lineage they are reporting.

Talking to someone the other day about PEDIGREE COLLAPSE and how interrelated humans are, I suggested that DNA results would probably lead to an affirmation that a person is genetically linked to dozens of ancestors in a small town in Europe. 

Basically, as we go back in time there were less people on earth than there are now.  And people died younger. And remarried quickly. So while today there are blended families because of divorce, not so long ago the death of a spouse a - until the mid 1800's in Colonial America - common for people to marry a cousin. Not a first cousin but someone related. In Europe concerns and understandings about land ownership and inheritance also encouraged interrelated and local marriages. It was not until massive immigration, travel and transportation ease, and the move from country to cities that people started having an opportunity to meet people who would otherwise be strangers to them, and to choose their own partners, really mixing up that DNA.  So, be it a royal family or you and me, we are likely to discover that some of the same people appear on our charts in more than one of our lines. What might appear as a fan chart -that looks like an inverted pyramid may just collapse.

C 2023-2025 Ancestry Worship - Genealogy BlogSpot  All Rights Reserved

SPRING

 

MIXED RACE SLAVE OWNERS IN BARBADOS and THE REPARATIONS CONTROVERSY : BENEDICT CUMBERBATCH FAMILY HERITAGE

I feel, based on what I learned over the years through genealogy that the question of Reparations for the bad deeds of ancestors is at best complicated and unworkable.  To be fair I believe that DNA tests as well as genealogies of all would be necessary and math would have to be applied. That's because you cannot know by looking at a person if they are Black or have Black ancestry, and even when this seems quite apparent, you cannot know other details such as how long the family line has lived in, say, the United States, or had citizensip.

I currently have a friend who was born in Britain, whose mother took the family to New York but who still has a grandmother in England, who comes from this Island - sugar plantation - heritage of slavery. However, she now has American citizenship as do her children. So I ask you, how would we figure out just how much money, if any, she is owed?  Would she, because she is visibly Black, also get California money? The fact is it would probably cost as much to do this type of program fairly as the payout, and to me that is unworkable.

In this article, by Sue Reid for Daily Mail, discusses the slave owning heritage and mixed race ancestors of the family of actor Benedict Cumberbatch, not only is there a reveal about race but also that historically there have been payouts that benefited the family.

DAILY MAIL : REPARATIONS DEBATE by Sue Reid

I first encountered the historical reality that went against assumptions - and even classroom learning - when in a genealogy search for a client I found that his ancestors were both those who were marched during the Trail of Tears as well as those who forced the marching. His early ancestors had mixed race families with Native Americans and on census some children in some families were listed as B - Black - but they were actually part Cherokee. Also, a few of his cousins a few times removed married Cherokee and moved from the settlers to the tribe so very likely today those relatives are members of the tribe. There were also Native American slave holders in the area. Though most people who owned slaves had one or two and those slaves lived in with the family (yes, believe it or not) this particular Native American had a couple dozen slaves farming for him. 

There are no absolutes when it comes to history and as a genealogist I'm concerned that the documents lead to history, not a reworking of it.

Like the author of this article, I too believe that at least in some of the mixed race unions, in which marriage was not legally possible, there was love or at least the possibility of love. That said, the role of women in general was so not equal to that of the men, and genealogy has reinforced my feminism. (As an example as President, Thomas Jefferson had to obey the law, and the law forbid him to marry Sally Hemings.)

This article, especially considering that it was published by Daily Mail, which is a a tabloid rather than a hard news venue, does an excellent job of showing why there is controversy.

***

All that said, being against Reparations does not mean that I'm against giving a hand up to those who need it. This is best done in a quiet and personal way.  One should not assume, however, that a person needs help simply because they are a certain race, or that they do not need it because they are a certain race.

C 2023  Ancestry Worship - Genealogy BlogSpot

FOR ALL OF YOU WHO HAVE LOST YOUR BELOVED DOG THIS PAST YEAR

Beautiful video...  YOUTUBE NARRATED NDE PET STORIES

CHERBOURG PASSENGER LISTS and MUCH ELSE at GJENVICK- GJONVIK ARCHIVES

GG ARCHIVES - CHERBOURG PASSENDER LISTS   The last port the Titanic stopped at before it's fateful journey across the Atlantic was Cherbourg,

GG archives presents these French passenger lists as well as much much more.  

I don't usually like to link to sites with ads, and this one has them, but it's an impressive collection.

Ads will pop up.  You'll have to be careful that you don't enter an ancestor's name into the ad for a search for living humans or search for singles to date. I find the distractions difficult but...

If you find what you needed I suggest it's reasonable to support the site with a contribution.  It's been up a long time and the owner is an educated person who has an interesting collection to share.

You may also find Antwerp Belgium 1892-1939

Belfast Ireland 1923-1939

Boston 1887-1939

Boulogne sur Mer 1899-1933

Montreal, Naples.... and more...